Limitation of Actions (Institutional Child Sexual Abuse) and Other Legislation Amendment Bill 2016
Plain English Summary
Overview
This bill does four things at once. It removes the time limit for survivors of institutional child sexual abuse to sue for damages (even for abuse that happened decades ago), creates a modern class action system in the Supreme Court, closes a trust fund that helped pay for legal services, and makes permanent the scheme that lets Justices of the Peace hear minor civil disputes in QCAT.
Who it affects
Survivors of institutional child sexual abuse gain the right to sue without any time limit. Institutions that had responsibility for children, groups of people wronged by the same defendant, solicitors, and people with small civil disputes are all affected in different ways.
No more time limits for institutional child sexual abuse claims
Survivors of child sexual abuse that happened in an institutional context (schools, churches, orphanages, sporting clubs, care homes) can now sue for damages at any time. The change is retrospective, so it applies to abuse from decades ago. Courts can even set aside earlier judgments that threw cases out because they were filed too late.
- No time limit applies to claims for child sexual abuse in an institutional context
- Applies retrospectively, including to claims previously barred by expired time limits
- Courts can set aside earlier judgments that were based only on the time limit running out
- Courts keep the power to stop a case going ahead if a fair trial is impossible because too much time has passed
A proper class action system in the Supreme Court
Queensland gets a comprehensive statutory scheme for representative proceedings (class actions), modelled on the Federal Court, Victorian and NSW schemes. Seven or more people with related claims against the same defendant can bring a single action, and limitation periods are paused for group members while the case is running.
- Seven or more people with related claims can bring a single representative proceeding
- Group members are included automatically unless they opt out
- Any settlement or discontinuance must be approved by the court
- Limitation periods are suspended for group members while the proceeding runs
- Successful representative parties can recover extra costs from the damages awarded
Legal profession trust account reforms
The Legal Practitioner Interest on Trust Accounts Fund (LPITAF) is closed, and the interest that previously funded Legal Aid Queensland, the Law Society and others will instead come from the state's consolidated fund. Solicitors no longer need to keep separate 'prescribed' trust accounts.
- LPITAF closed and any money left transferred to consolidated revenue
- Solicitors only need to keep a single general trust account
- The chief executive (not the Law Society) now approves banks that can hold trust money
JP-run QCAT minor disputes made permanent
The arrangement under which Justices of the Peace hear small civil disputes (up to $5,000) in QCAT would have expired on 13 November 2016. The bill removes that expiry so the scheme continues indefinitely.
- JPs can permanently hear minor civil disputes up to $5,000 as QCAT members
- Matters covered include residential tenancy disputes, dividing fences, small debts and consumer disputes
- Scheme operates in Brisbane, Ipswich, Maroochydore, Southport and Townsville
Bill Story
The journey of this bill through Parliament, including debate and recorded votes.
▸Committee16 Aug 2016View Hansard
Referred to Legal Affairs and Community Safety Committee
The Legal Affairs and Community Safety Committee examined the government bill alongside a related private member's bill, receiving 23 submissions and holding public hearings. The committee recommended the government bill be passed and the private member's bill not be passed. Both government and non-government members supported the bill, though non-government members sought amendments to extend its scope beyond institutional settings to cover all child sexual abuse victims.
Key findings (5)
- The bill implemented recommendations from the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse by retrospectively removing limitation periods for civil claims arising from child sexual abuse in institutional contexts
- Multiple stakeholders and witnesses called for the removal of limitation periods to be extended beyond institutional settings to cover all child sexual abuse, which was not included in the government bill
- Non-government members agreed the bill should pass but recommended amending it to extend coverage to non-institutional sexual abuse victims and to allow courts to reopen deeds of settlement in time-barred sexual abuse claims
- The bill also introduced a comprehensive statutory regime for class actions in Queensland and made amendments to the Legal Profession Act and the QCAT Act
- The committee examined the bill against fundamental legislative principles, noting the retrospective removal of limitation periods was justified given the unique circumstances of child sexual abuse survivors
Recommendations (2)
- The committee recommends the Limitation of Actions (Institutional Child Sexual Abuse) and Other Legislation Amendment Bill 2016 be passed.
- The committee recommends the Limitation of Actions and Other Legislation (Child Abuse Civil Proceedings) Amendment Bill 2016 (private member's Bill) not be passed.
Committee report tabled
▸Second Reading8 Nov 2016View Hansard
▸27 members spoke25 support2 mixed
As Attorney-General moved the second reading of the government bill to retrospectively abolish limitation periods for institutional child sexual abuse claims, introduce a class actions regime, close the LPITAF fund and permanently embed JPs in QCAT, indicating in-principle support for opposition amendments on non-institutional abuse but opposing amendments on reopening settled deeds.
“Victims of institutional child sexual abuse have waited long enough to see the shadow of the limitation period removed to allow their claims to be determined on their merits.”— 2016-11-08View Hansard
Premier introduced the bill, framing it as a historic reform to remove the limitation period for survivors of institutional child sexual abuse to lodge legal claims, and to establish a class action framework in Queensland.
“The purpose of this bill is to finally take the necessary steps to provide increased access to justice for survivors of institutional child sexual abuse. We will do this by retrospectively removing the limitation period for when a legal claim can be made.”— 2016-08-16View Hansard
Welcomed the core principle of removing the statute of limitations for institutional sexual abuse but considered the government bill inadequate as it leaves out victims of serious physical abuse and non-institutional abuse, and does not revoke past unjust settlements.
“The opposition amendments are better than the government's bill but they do not go far enough, as they also do not meet community expectations. They should include physical abuse.”— 2016-11-08View Hansard
As shadow Attorney-General supported the government bill but moved amendments to broaden the scope to non-institutional sexual abuse and allow courts to set aside past deeds of settlement where just and reasonable, arguing the bill would otherwise create two classes of survivors.
“The LNP believes that, by restricting the removal of the statute of limitations to only certain cases of child sexual abuse, there is an effective creation of two classes of survivors. That would be patently unfair.”— 2016-11-08View Hansard
As committee chair supported the government bill, noting the committee's unanimous endorsement, and thanked the Attorney-General for accepting the non-government recommendation to extend the scope beyond institutional settings.
“This bill will provide the opportunities for victims of child sexual abuse to go back in time beyond the usual statute of limitations and seek settlements for the wrongs that have been perpetrated against them.”— 2016-11-08View Hansard
Supported the government bill with the opposition's amendments, noting the committee's unanimous support and appreciating the Attorney-General's in-principle support for extending the scope beyond institutional settings, while regretting the rejection of the amendment allowing courts to reopen deeds of settlement.
“The opposition supports the passing of the bill, with amendments.”— 2016-11-08View Hansard
Supported the government bill as providing increased access to justice for survivors of institutional child sexual abuse by retrospectively removing the limitation period.
“The current period is inadequate to allow victims of childhood sexual abuse to even come to terms with their abuse on a personal level, let alone to find the enormous strength needed to address their pain, to move forward and to commence the daunting and often arduous task of commencing litigation in the courts.”— 2016-11-08View Hansard
Supported the government bill with the non-government recommendations, arguing for extension beyond institutional settings and for allowing courts to reopen past deeds of settlement, citing her experience as former shadow child safety minister and as a nurse.
“This legislation is a step in the right direction. I hope that the amendments help in the journey to justice.”— 2016-11-08View Hansard
Supported the government bill's key reforms, including removing limitation periods and establishing class actions, acknowledging the importance of allowing victims access to justice.
“Through the royal commission process and the mountain of evidence it is clear that there is definitely a need for victims of these heinous crimes to be able to access justice, and that is what we are doing here today.”— 2016-11-08View Hansard
Supported the government's watershed bill making four fundamental reforms to the law, including removing limitation periods for child sexual abuse claims, introducing class actions, and making the JP QCAT trial permanent.
“I am very pleased to see that there is unanimous support for the concept of removing the limitation period for actions for damages for personal injuries associated with child sexual abuse.”— 2016-11-08View Hansard
Supported the government bill with LNP amendments, arguing the bill without amendments creates two classes of survivors and does not adequately deal with deeds of settlement used by institutions as blocking mechanisms.
“It is hard to rationalise that the suffering by a child abused in an institution is different from that of a child abused by a parent or neighbour.”— 2016-11-08View Hansard
Supported the government bill as providing victims of institutional child sexual abuse with a voice and removing an unfair barrier to justice.
“With the passing of this bill, victims of child sexual abuse within an institutional context will have limitation periods removed. Even more importantly, this will apply retrospectively so as to include any past victims of institutional child sexual abuse.”— 2016-11-08View Hansard
Supported the government bill and highlighted the importance of widening the definition beyond institutional settings and allowing prior deeds of settlements to be reopened, arguing instances of child sexual abuse do not just occur in institutions.
“The evidence was so overwhelming and broadly given in the context that I note that all members of the committee, including the government members, urged the government to act on that.”— 2016-11-08View Hansard
Strongly supported the government bill, citing personal connections to survivors including a friend Brian Laing who worked on this issue for many years, and recalling former prime minister Kevin Rudd's 2009 apology to the forgotten Australians.
“It is a very proud moment to be standing here today speaking to this bill.”— 2016-11-08View Hansard
Supported the bill as a step in the right direction but advocated for the LNP amendments to extend to non-institutional abuse and to allow courts to reopen deeds of settlement where they were not just or fair.
“This legislation cannot undo the harm, but it can provide avenues of redress that were previously denied due to the passage of time.”— 2016-11-08View Hansard
Supported the government bill with the LNP amendments extending the removal of limitations to survivors of non-institutional abuse and giving courts the ability to reopen previous deeds of settlement.
“On this side of the House, we favour supporting the government's bill as opposed to the private member's bill, but we also believe amendments to the government's bill that extend the removal of the limitation on claims to survivors of non-institutional abuse, give the court the ability to open previous deeds of settlement entered into upon application to do so and ensure that the inherent jurisdiction of the court is maintained in this process are also important considerations.”— 2016-11-08View Hansard
As Minister for Child Safety, strongly supported the government bill as an historic day for Queensland and the first significant step in civil litigation reforms.
“For far too long, survivors have been unable to access justice simply because time has passed. From the royal commission we know that it takes survivors an average of 22 years to disclose abuse.”— 2016-11-08View Hansard
Supported the government bill based on personal connections to Lotus Place members in Mackay who shared their experiences of childhood institutional care.
“This bill is a vital step in the recognition that society recognises their suffering and gives them an avenue to justice.”— 2016-11-08View Hansard
Supported the legislation, hoping the government would be open to the LNP amendments to extend the limitations to those who suffered abuse outside institutional settings, drawing on his experience as former assistant minister for child safety and as a board member of Bravehearts.
“I am absolutely in support of the legislation... My sincere hope is that when we get to consideration in detail the government will be open to some of the proposed changes in terms of extending the limitations to also include those who suffered abuse other than institutional abuse.”— 2016-11-08View Hansard
Supported the government bill, sharing the stories of 11 men who were victims of abuse at BoysTown in his electorate and highlighting the inadequacy of previous redress payments under the Forde inquiry scheme.
“Lifting the statute of limitations of three years, having the ability to mount class actions and making the legislation retrospective are sensible changes.”— 2016-11-08View Hansard
Supported the government bill, dedicating his speech to his uncle Bruce Grundy, whose journalism in the 1990s broke the story of decades of abuse at St Joseph's orphanage at Neerkol.
“I am sure that if it were not for the work of my uncle during those early days of the 1990s when he was the editor at the independent newspaper and broke the story of Neerkol not only to Queenslanders but also to the world, perhaps this legislation would not be debated tonight.”— 2016-11-08View Hansard
As Leader of the Opposition strongly supported the bill while foreshadowing LNP amendments to address the two classes of survivors created by restricting the bill to institutional settings and to allow courts to reopen unfairly settled deeds.
“This is legislation that puts the focus of this debate sharply on the survivor and it is long overdue... At the heart of our amendments is fairness.”— 2016-11-08View Hansard
Supported the bill with the LNP amendments, arguing the bill in its current form creates categories of survivors and does not adequately address deeds of settlement.
“The survivors of this abuse, no matter the context in which it occurred, deserve the opportunity to seek justice in their own time and when they are ready and capable of facing the perpetrators of these actions without unreasonable fear or pressure of a time line that only applies to some.”— 2016-11-08View Hansard
As Minister for Main Roads, wholeheartedly supported the bill, acknowledging the work of former prime minister Julia Gillard in establishing the royal commission and praising the generational shift in values the bill represents.
“Removing the statute of limitations is absolutely necessary. In fact, it is amazing that the law was so antiquated and so restrictive for so long.”— 2016-11-08View Hansard
Supported the retrospective abolition of limitation periods and class actions provisions, but opposed the opposition amendment to reopen private settlements citing concerns about unintended consequences.
“Supporting the victims of this abuse should always be paramount, as should providing them with access to civil remedies including compensation. That is what this bill seeks to achieve.”— 2016-11-08View Hansard
As Minister for Health, strongly supported the bill's four main reforms, drawing on his previous experience as Attorney-General removing the limitation period for asbestos-related diseases.
“Although not central to this bill, the law was changed then as the law is being changed tonight—and it will be changed—because it is a just and right thing to do.”— 2016-11-08View Hansard
Supported the government bill, emphasising access to justice as the critical value driving the legislation and sharing stories of survivors including a personal friend.
“Importantly, the bill will create a more accessible civil litigation system for survivors of child sexual abuse and—the critical part—enhance access to justice.”— 2016-11-08View Hansard
▸In Detail
LNP amendments 1-6 to remove the word 'Institutional' and references to 'institutional context' throughout the bill, extending the removal of limitation periods to child sexual abuse in all settings, not just institutional ones
LNP amendments 7-9 to allow courts to set aside previously settled rights of action where it is just and reasonable to do so, voiding associated settlement agreements (other than insurance contracts) and allowing the court to take previous amounts paid into account when awarding damages or costs
LNP amendments 10-13 (consequential amendments) to remove references to 'Institutional' from the Civil Proceedings Act and the Personal Injuries Proceedings Act amendments
Circulated amendments by the member for Cairns seeking to replicate provisions from his private member's bill (reintroducing jury trials, expanding to serious physical abuse, automatically voiding past deeds of settlement). Ruled out of order by the Speaker pursuant to standing orders 87 and 150 (same question rule) because the House had already rejected those provisions when negativing the second reading of the private member's bill.
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